积分中值屈服准则解析厚板轧制椭圆速度场

为解决非线性Mises比塑性功率积分困难以及由此导致的轧制功率解析式难以获得的问题,本文通过建立并利用线性比塑性功率表达式对提出的椭圆速度场进行能量分析,得到了轧制力能参数的解析解.文中通过对变角度屈服函数求积分中值,构建了一个新的屈服准则,它是主应力分量的线性组合,在π平面上的轨迹是逼近Mises圆的等边非等角的十二边形,其基于Lode参数表达式的理论结果也与实验数据吻合较好.同时,根据厚板轧制时金属流动速度从入口到出口逐渐增大的特点,提出了水平速度分量满足椭圆方程的速度场,该速度场满足运动许可条件.通过相应的轧制能量分析,获得了基于线性屈服准则的内部变形功率以及基于应变矢量内积法上的摩擦功率与剪切功率.在此之上,通过泛函的极值变分导出了轧制力矩、轧制力以及应力状态系数的解析解,并与现场实测数据进行了对比,结果表明利用本文提出的屈服准则与速度场所建立的轧制力矩与轧制力模型与实测值吻合较好,其中轧制力误差小于5.3%,轧制力矩误差在6%左右.     

发夹式换热器管束流致振动数值模拟研究

运用计算流体力学方法,采用ANSYS CFX软件对发夹式换热器的壳侧流场进行了三维数值模拟。流场计算中采用多孔介质模型对管束区域进行简化,分析了壳侧流场的速度分布,结果表明:直管段部分的流体湍流强度大于弯管段,且外层管束所在区域为高流速区,受流体冲刷严重。结合流场信息,通过功率谱生成随机激振力,采用ABAQUS软件模拟计算了湍流激振下管束的振动响应,结果显示管束的面外均方根位移远大于面内位移,且弯管部分的振动位移最大。该研究结果可为发夹式换热器的性能分析和优化设计提供参考和依据。     

公路隧道喷射混凝土套拱加固结构力学特性

为研究喷射混凝土套拱加固前后二次衬砌与混凝土套拱的受力状况,依托陕西汉中至留坝段八里关隧道,运用有限元软件建立隧道混凝土结构套拱加固分析模型,并通过现场监测获取二次衬砌与套拱间的接触压力、套拱格栅拱架钢筋应力、套拱混凝土应力,将数值模拟结果与现场测试结果相结合,得出套拱结构的一般受力变化规律。结果表明:套拱加固前衬砌结构的最不利荷载位置位于施工缝附近的拱顶、拱肩与拱脚处; 由于衬砌局部变形与温度应力的影响,套拱混凝土应力变化呈现反复“上升-下降-上升”最后趋于稳定的特点; 套拱的作用是控制二次衬砌的进一步变形,套拱施作后所承受荷载较小,套拱反作用力远小于围岩作用于衬砌的应力,在应力计算中不应将衬砌与套拱作为整体计算; 套拱结构数值模拟所得的结果与现场测试套拱结构内力(轴力、弯矩)的大小及分布相似度高,但在衬砌裂损严重部位,数值模拟所得结果误差较大,应以现场测试结果为准。     

浅谈煤与瓦斯突出矿井"U"型通风系统采煤工作面上隅角瓦斯管理

屯兰煤矿是煤与瓦斯突出矿井,瓦斯涌出量大,上隅角瓦斯治理困难。为解决这一通风难题,该矿采取沿空留巷抽采措施进行作业。实践证明,该技术解决了上隅角瓦斯积聚隐患,保障了矿井高产高效。     

远志种植管理技术

远志是山西省的道地药材,山西省襄汾县已形成规模种植,成为当地农民增收致富的主导产业,文章总结了襄汾县远志种植管理技术,为农户提供参考。     

High-resolution FIB-TEM-STEM structural characterization of grain boundaries in the high dielectric constant perovskite CaCu3Ti4O12

In this work, the grain boundaries composition of the polycrystalline CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) was investigated. A Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/lift-out technique was used to prepare site-specific thin samples of the grain boundaries interface of CCTO ceramics. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) systems were used to characterize the composition and nanostructure of the grain and grain boundaries region. It is known that during conventional sintering, discontinuous grain growth occurs and a Cu-rich phase appears at grain boundaries. This Cu-rich phase may affect the final dielectric properties of CCTO but its structure and chemical composition remained unknown. For the first time, this high-resolution FIB-TEM-STEM study of CCTO interfacial region highlights the composition of the phases segregated at grain boundaries namely CuO, Cu₂O and the metastable phase Cu₃TiO_4.     

托盘式湿法烟气脱硫塔阻力特性研究

采用冷态物理模型结合商用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件,对山东某火电厂300 MW机组配套托盘塔的流场和阻力特性进行了研究,取得了孔板阻力损失与液气比之间的二次函数关系。研究结果表明,塔内两相流场分布合理,入口处液滴受烟气的拖拽作用形成明显的干湿界面,负荷和液气比是影响脱硫塔阻力的重要因素。当液气比一定时,托盘上方能够维持相对稳定的持液层及鼓泡过程;满负荷运行时,脱硫塔阻力损失约为1600 Pa,其中孔板占1/4,持液层占3/4。拟合获得了托盘区阻力损失同液气比之间的关系,为托盘塔的应用、运行及优化提供了理论指导。     

Analysis of the flow field,thermal performance,and heat transfer augmentation in circular tube using different dimple geometrical configurations with internal twisted-tape insert

In this study, a numerical investigation for the fluid flow field analysis using different configuration dimple parameters in conjunction with an internal type insert in pipe is carried out. The effects of the dimple diameters with a center twisted tape on the flow pattern, pressure drop, friction factor, and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The influence of the latter device on heat performance and thermal-hydraulic performance evaluation factor (PEF) were carried out in a pipe for fully developed flow with range for fully developed flow with range of Reynolds number (Re) of 1573 and 23 592. Experiments with numerical models are performed using different dimpled dimeters by inserting twisted tapes. The outcomes observe that the qualitative analysis for flow fields such as static pressure, dynamic pressure, velocity magnitude, wall shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy as well as the quantities analysis for pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient friction factor, and Nu number in dimpled pipe fitted with twisted tape are greater than plain pipe. This is because using these devices cause more secondary flow, swirl flow, and flow mixing that lead to higher turbulence, which, in turn, enhance the overall heat transfer. The results indicated that the lower and higher values of thermal PEF are about 0.78 and 1.6, respectively, at the dimple dimmers of 1 mm.     

场协同对PP/PS复合体系传热传质性能的影响

从动量和能量守恒方程出发,提出速度场与温度场的协同耦合作用对聚合物流动与换热具有重要影响,并以此为依据设计了新型扭转螺杆结构和场协同螺杆。以聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS)为原料制备PP/PS复合材料体系,通过挤出试验对比研究了常规螺杆与场协同螺杆的传热传质性能。结果表明,相对于常规螺杆,设置有扭转螺杆结构的场协同螺杆的数均粒径更小、粒径分布密度和平均停留时间更大,提高了挤出机的混合能力;场协同螺杆的对流换热系数更大、径向温差更小,提高了挤出机的换热能力。     

退火温度对EB熔炼低成本TC4钛合金宽厚板组织和性能的影响

采用EB炉一次熔炼TC4合金扁锭作为直轧坯料,在4200 mm宽厚板轧机上成功制备出规格46 mm×2650 mm×8700 mm的低成本TC4合金宽厚板,研究了退火温度对低成本TC4合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EB熔炼TC4合金扁锭经过两火换向轧制,粗大铸态组织得到充分破碎,热轧态TC4合金板材显微组织中等轴α或条状α含量较高,横纵向室温拉伸性能差异小,横向室温冲击吸收能量小于纵向,横纵向心部强度均高于表层。TC4合金板材经750~900 ℃退火,横纵截面为等轴组织,经950 ℃退火,横纵截面为双态组织,经980 ℃退火,横截面为双态组织,纵截面为魏氏组织。随着退火温度升高,TC4合金板材抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度呈下降趋势,伸长率基本不变,室温冲击吸收能量先升高后降低,900 ℃退火后,强度、伸长率和冲击吸收能量达到最佳匹配。